Анастасия Литвинова

Paper presents the analysis of the investigation results of vibrational accelerations and beating amplitudes of the downhole drilling motor, which help to define the ranges of optimum energy characteristics of the gerotor mechanism, ensuring its stable operation. Dependencies describing the operation of the «drilling bit – rotary steerable system with power screw section – drilling string» system and the values of the self-oscillation boundaries and the onset of system resonance when it is used jointly, were defined as a result of computational and full-scale experimental research.A mathematical model is proposed, which allows determining the optimal range of technological parameters for well drilling, reducing the extreme vibration accelerations of the bottomhole assembly by controlling the torque-power and frequency characteristics of the drilling string, taking into account the energy characteristics of the power screw section of the rotary steerable system. Recommendations on the choice of drilling mode parameters were given.

The aim of the work is a mathematical modeling of the rock crushing during drilling and removal of the drilling cuttings (sludge) to the surface by drilling fluid. The process of rock destruction is described using the mathematical theory of fragmentation. The distribution of sludge particles in size and mass depends on such factors as the properties of the drilled rock, the rate of penetration, the type of bit, and the output power. After the formation of sludge, the process of its removal to the surface is modeled. The drilling fluid together with the rock particles is considered as a heterogeneous multiphase medium in which the carrier phase – the drilling fluid – is a non-Newtonian fluid. The flow of such a medium is described using a mixture model in the framework of the multi-fluid approach. This results in a system of nonlinear partial differential equations, for which a new closure relation is derived. To solve the system, the SIMPLE algorithm is used. As a result, the flow properties are studied with the inclusion of particles of various sizes. In particular, for particles of small size due to the action of plastic stresses in a non-Newtonian drilling fluid, an equilibrium mode arises in which the particles move with the drilling fluid without slipping. This is the fastest mode of delivery of sludge to the surface. The specific dimensions of such particles depend on the parameters of the drilling process. In particular, the appropriate size range can be adjusted by changing the parameters of the drilling fluid.

The intensification of technological processes in the oil and gas industry is an urgent task for industrial production. Improving the efficiency of the processes leads to a decrease in the consumption of materials by the apparatus and the cost of their manufacture, an improvement in the quality of the produced product, and simplifies the transportation and installation of equipment. To achieve these goals, a new highly efficient equipment is being developed based on the use of various physical and chemical phenomena, their combinations, and new technological approaches. One of the most effective ways to solve such problems is pulse impact on the materials being processed, in which inhomogeneities of the process driving force are artificially created. The challenge of intensifying the processes occurring during the direct contact of the phases is the need to influence the system being processed locally - in the area of the interface, since it is there that the substances transfer from one phase to another. The object of article’s scientific research – mass-exchange process, which is most widespread in oil and gas technology. As a model, the process of liquid evaporation is chosen, on which the separation of mixtures by rectification is based – the main process of the oil and gas processing industry. The heterogeneity of the driving force of the mass transfer process was created using a thermoelectric converter, the principle of which is based on the Peltier effect, in a series of experiments. Such converters allow creation of higher temperature gradient and, consequently, a greater temperature heterogeneity in the investigated system compared with traditional resistance electric heaters at the same energy expenditure. The article discusses the influence of the temperature inhomogenities location on the efficiency of mass-exchange processes, specifically the evaporation process. In experimental studies, the evaporation rate was estimated by measuring the mass evaporation velocity of a liquid. It is noted that the creation of a temperature gradient on the free surface of the liquid phase using a Peltier element with a specific power of 1.8 kW/m2 leads to a twofold intensification of the evaporation process. Объект научных изысканий статьи – массообменый процесс, имеющий самое широкое распространение в нефтегазовой технологии. В качестве модельного процесса выбран процесс испарения жидкости, на котором основано разделение смесей путем ректификации – главном процессе нефтегазоперерабатывающей промышленности. Неоднородность движущей силы массообменного процесса в серии проводимых экспериментов создавалась с помощью термоэлектрического преобразователя, принцип которого основан на эффекте Пельтье. Такие преобразователи позволяют создать больший градиент температур и, соответственно, большую температурную неоднородность в исследуемой системе по сравнению с традиционными электронагревателями сопротивления при тех же затратах энергии. В статье рассмотрено влияние расположения температурных неоднородностей на эффективность массообменных процессов, а именно процесса испарения. При экспериментальных исследованиях интенсивность испарения оценивалась путем измерения массовой скорости испарения жидкости. Отмечено, что создание градиента температур на свободной поверхности жидкой фазы с помощью элемента Пельтье с удельной мощностью 1,8 кВт/м2 приводит к двукратной интенсификации процесса испарения.

The research focused on the composition of tourmaline from tin ore deposits and ore occurrences within the Verkhneurmiysky ore cluster in the Amur region. The aim of the study is to determine the indicative signs of tourmaline from cassiterite-quartz and cassiterite-silicate formations. This research is based on the materials of a long-term study of the mineralogy of the Far East deposits, conducted at the Mining University under the scientific supervision of Professor Yu.B.Marin. The relevance of the study involves predicting of tin and associated mineralization. For the first time, SIMS and Mössbauer spectroscopy were used to study tourmaline from this region. We identified the typomorphic characteristics of the tourmaline composition, which are proposed to be used as indicators of tin-ore deposits. Typomorphic characteristics of tourmaline from cassiterite-quartz formation: schorl (Mg/(Mg + Fe) = 0.06) with a high content of Al and K; Fe3+/(Fe3+ + Fe2+) = 0.03; ZFe3+ = 1 %; impurities: Nb, LREE (La, Ce, Pr), Be, Bi, F, Li, and Mn; LREE content > 9 ppm; positive Gd anomaly. Typomorphic characteristics of tourmaline from cassiterite-silicate formation: schorl-dravite (Mg/(Mg + Fe) = 0.22) with a high Ca content; Fe3+ / (Fe3+ + Fe2+) = 0.17; ZFe3+ = 9 %; impurities: Zr, Y, Cr, V, Sn, In, Pb, W, Mo, Ti, HREE, Eu, Sr, Sb, and Sc; the content of Y is > 2 ppm, of HREE is > 3 ppm, Eu is > 0.1 ppm. The formation conditions of the cassiterite-silicate ore mineralization were more oxidizing than those of the cassiterite-quartz one. Tourmaline, formed under oxidizing conditions, contains such impurities as Sn, In, Nb, Bi, Sc, and LREE. The content of Sn isomorphic impurity in tourmaline reaches 8000 ppm.

Data are presented on the geology of areas of rare metal granites proliferation in the Russian sector of the Pacific Ore Belt that make one take a fresh look at the East Asian granitoid area to update its metallogeny. History is reviewed of studying rare metal granites of the Russian Far East. As a rule, these are found in the vicinity of major tungsten-stanniferous ore deposits, except much later than discovering the former, at the stages of their assessment and survey. Rare earth granites are usually missed by the geologists during the early stages of regional geological surveys due to their small size, weak eroding and external similarity with earlier granites. Using the examples of the Central Polousny, Badzhal and Kuyviveem-Pyrekakay regions the structural and geological conditions are characterized of localization of rare metal granites. Comparative analysis of geological situations made it possible to formulate the areal character of manifestation of rare metal granites; their confinedness to late Mesozoic orogenic arched uplifts of bogen structures above deep granitoid batholiths; positioning in the areas where longitudinal and transversal deep laying faults cross; gravitation to the environs of pre-Cambrian median masses. Similarity of structural-geological conditions for manifestation of the well-studied ore-containing granites serves to confirm the hypothesis on the joint stage of late Cretaceous rare metal magmatism in the Russian sector of the Pacific Ore Belt and the existence in the region of a magmatic super-province – the Far East belt of rare metal granites that includes the Novosibirsk-Chukotka, the Yana-Kolyma and the Sikhote-Alin rare metal – granite provinces.

PJSC LUKOIL has become the Gold Sponsor of the 6th Future Leaders Forum of the World Petroleum Council. The agreement establishing the terms of cooperation has been signed between the Company and the Russian National Committee of the World Petroleum Council.

Leonid Weisberg, the Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Research and Engineering Corporation ”Mekhanobr-Tekhnika” and also the Member of the Academy of Sciences, underlined the importance of inclusion of «The Journal of the Mining Institute» in the international database Scopus. Leonid Weisberg also gave his comments and provided his opinion on what it means for the scientific community.

Calcite is chemically speaking calcium carbonate. The mineral literally forms the skeleton of our planet. Mountain systems, the Great Barrier Reef in Australia, as well as such life forms as starfish, hedgehogs, snails or mollusks – they all are composed of calcite.

Rhodochrosite is a mineral that resembles a blossom of a rose due to its colour and texture coating. The multilayered mineral is undoubtedly as beautiful as malachite or charoite.

Pyrite got its name due to its specific properties, such as being able to sparkle upon impact. In Greek the mineral’s name means ”a stone that strikes fire”. In fact, 200 years ago there was almost no other way to light the fire but to use pyrite or flint as the ”matches”. The stone is often mistaken for gold because of its color and glitter. Spanish conquistadors and gold diggers, who often lacked literacy, either mined or took away cube pyrites from the locals, believing that those were the precious stones. Thus, pyrite got another name - ”fool’s gold”.

A history of an origin of silver is quite interesting. There is a word ”argenta” in Sanskrit, which means ”light” in English translation, and scientists believe that this word gave the name to the similarly-named chemical element– argentum.

As young people from the Ivory Coast believe, their country needs specialists who are capable of managing mining enterprises. It is not only engineers who are needed but also the teachers. Students need someone who can transfer knowledge to them. According to ”Forpost”, over the coming years there will be a lot to do for both the teachers and engineers.

This year oil producer Rosneft has increased volumes of production drilling by 4.5%. As global experts say, Russian oil and gas companies will be forced to increase production volumes even further. As a reason they cite that most of the fields are running out of oil, which means that new reserves are to be developed. ”Forpost” decided to ask Mikhail Dvoynikov, the Head in the Department of Drilling at Saint-Petersburg Mining University, a few related questions, such as how much would it cost to drill the new well, as well as if it is possible to make its construction cheaper, thus reducing oil production costs.

Five post-graduate students from Saint-Petersburg Mining University were awarded with prizes for steel industry participants at Saarland in Germany. The ceremony took place in Potsdam as a part of the XI Russian-German Raw Materials Dialogue, which came to its end on the 8th of November.

It is the opinion of the event’s participants that for effective development of our countries’ economies we need to increase the level of trust between our states and at the same time introduce environmentally-friendly technologies. German representatives also stated the need for increasing export volumes of Russian gas to Europe.

It was the first day of the Russian-German Raw Materials Dialogue when the following statement was released: our countries need a continuous and equal dialogue in conditions of good-neighbourliness.